The IP

The term emerged from the work of the Bateson Project on family homeostasis, as a way of identifying a largely unconscious pattern of behavior whereby an excess of painful feelings in a family lead to one member being identified as the cause of all the difficulties - a scapegoating of the IP.[3] The identified patient - also called the "symptom-bearer" or "presenting problem" - may display unexplainable emotional or physical symptoms, and is often the first person to seek help, perhaps at the request of the family.[4] However, while family members will typically express concern over the IP's problems, they may instinctively react to any improvement on the identified patient's part by attempting to reinstate the status quo.[5] Virginia Satir viewed the identified patient as a way of both concealing and revealing a family's secret agendas.[6] Conjoint family therapy stressed accordingly the importance in group therapy of bringing not only the identified patient but the extended family in which their problems arose into the therapy[7] - with the ultimate goal of relieving the IP of the broader family feelings they have been carrying.[8] In such circumstances, not only the IP but their siblings as well may end up feeling the benefits.[9] R. D. Laing saw the IP as a function of the family nexus: "the person who gets diagnosed is part of a wider network of extremely disturbed and disturbing patterns of communication".[10] Later formulations suggest that the patient may be an 'emissary' of sorts from the family to the wider world, in an implicit familial call for help,[11] as with the reading of juvenile delinquency as a coded cry for help by a child on his parents' behalf.[12] There may then be an element of altruism in the IP's behavior - playing sick to prevent worse things happening in the family, such as a total family breakdown.[13] Example In a family where the parents need to assert themselves as powerful figures and caretakers, often due to their own insecurities, they may designate one or more of their children as being inadequate, subconsciously assigning to the child the role of someone who cannot cope by themselves. For example, the child may exhibit some irrational problem that requires the constant care and attention of the parents.